Difference between revisions of "Respectful Stewardship"
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== Chapter 1: Respectful and Responsible Stewardship: Maintaining and Renewing the Cultural Relevance of Museum Collections == | == Chapter 1: Respectful and Responsible Stewardship: Maintaining and Renewing the Cultural Relevance of Museum Collections == | ||
''Sanchita Balachandran, The Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum, Baltimore, MD'' | ''Sanchita Balachandran, The Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum, Baltimore, MD'' | ||
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<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
All objects in collections embody layers of values, meanings and relationships. The museum or collecting institution has historically held the authority to store, classify, interpret, and exhibit the objects it holds, often limiting access to museum professionals and specialists, and thus privileging the museum’s perspective on collections. Despite recent legal and ethical challenges to the sole authority of the collection institution to manage the preservation of cultural heritage, the practical work of democratizing the preservation process remains to be fully instituted. This chapter argues that respectful care of all collections demands a deep and sustained engagement with non-museum stakeholders who have claims to both the tangible and intangible aspects of museum objects. We suggest that preventive conservation methods are but one of a series of approaches towards a more active preservation of the stories and meanings that objects contain. The ultimate aim of preservation is to restore the social and cultural relevance of collections, thus transforming and revitalizing not only collections, but also collecting institutions, stakeholders, and staff. | All objects in collections embody layers of values, meanings and relationships. The museum or collecting institution has historically held the authority to store, classify, interpret, and exhibit the objects it holds, often limiting access to museum professionals and specialists, and thus privileging the museum’s perspective on collections. Despite recent legal and ethical challenges to the sole authority of the collection institution to manage the preservation of cultural heritage, the practical work of democratizing the preservation process remains to be fully instituted. This chapter argues that respectful care of all collections demands a deep and sustained engagement with non-museum stakeholders who have claims to both the tangible and intangible aspects of museum objects. We suggest that preventive conservation methods are but one of a series of approaches towards a more active preservation of the stories and meanings that objects contain. The ultimate aim of preservation is to restore the social and cultural relevance of collections, thus transforming and revitalizing not only collections, but also collecting institutions, stakeholders, and staff. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Bibliography == | ||
+ | Air and Space Museum. 2015. Martin B-26B-25-MA Marauder “Flak-Bait”. http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_ A19600297000. (9 December 2015). | ||
+ | <br>Alpers, S. 1991. “The Museum as a Way of Seeing.” In Exhibiting Cultures, edited by I. Karp and S. D. Lavine, 25–32. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. | ||
+ | <br>Anjum, S. 2013. “The Art of Skin Sewing.” First Alaskans Magazine, June/July: 60–65. | ||
+ | <br>Appadurai, A. 1986. The Social Life of Things: Com- modities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. | ||
+ | <br>Asif, M. A. 2014. “Idols in the Archive.” Journal of Asian Studies 73 (1): 9–16. | ||
+ | <br>Association of Northern, Kimberley and Amhem Aboriginal Artists. 2015. “Harvesting-Traditional- Knowledge.” Accessed December 9. 2015. http://ankaaa.org.au/special-projects/harvesting-traditional-knowledge/. | ||
+ | <br>Atkinson, J. 2014. Education, Values and Ethics in International Heritage: Learning to Respect. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publications. | ||
+ | <br>Austin-Dennehy, M., G. Hansen, N. Firhaber, and B. Muens. 2013. “The US Exploring Expedition (Wilkes) Tapa Project.” ICOM Ethnographic Conservation Newsletter 35: 5–11 | ||
+ | <br>Australia ICOMOS. 1979. Burra Charter. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/ | ||
+ | <br>Balachandran, S. 2015. “Recreating Ancient Greek Ceramics.” Accessed December 9, 2015 | ||
+ | http://archaeologicalmuseum.jhu.edu/the-collection/object-stories/recreating-ancient-greek-ceramics/. | ||
+ | <br>Balachandran, S. “Pedagogy and the ‘Working Collection’: Teaching Technical Research and Experimental Archaeology at the Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum.” Postprints of the October 2016 Penn Museum symposium, “Engaging Conservation: Collaboration Across Disciplines.” London: Archetype, 2017: 19–28. | ||
+ | <br>Bennes, C. 2014. “Open the Stores: Conservation, Collections and the Museum of the Future.” Apollo. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.apollo-magazine.com/conservation-accessible-stores-museum-future/. | ||
+ | <br>Canadian Conservation Institute. 2008. “Preserving Aboriginal Heritage–Technical and Traditional Approaches.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/discovercci-decouvriricc/symposium/2007Symposium-eng.aspx. | ||
+ | <br>Clavir, M. 2002. Preserving What Is Valued: Museums, Conservation and First Nations. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press. | ||
+ | <br>Chavez Lamar, C. 2010. Personal communication with Jim Enote, July 15, 2010. | ||
+ | <br>De La Torre, M. 2013. “Values and Heritage Conser- vation.” Heritage and Society 6 (2): 155–166. | ||
+ | <br>Dhar, S. 2006. “Challenges in the Context of the Living Sacred Tradition of Mahayana Buddhism.” In The Object in Context: Contributions to the 2006 IIC Congress, Munich: 151–155. | ||
+ | <br>Edmonds, P., and E. Wild. 2000. “New Obligations: Conservation Policy and Treatment Approaches for Aboriginal Collections in Bunjilaka, The Ab- original Centre, Melbourne Museum.” In Tradition and Innovation. Advances in Conservation, edited by A. Roy and P. Smith, 60–64. London: International Institute for Conservation. | ||
+ | <br>Gosden, C. F. Larson and A. Petch. 2007. Knowing Things: Exploring the Collections at the Pitt Rivers Museum 1884–1945. New York: Oxford University Press. | ||
+ | <br>Haakanson, S. 2004. “Understanding Sacredness: Facing the Challenges of Cultural Change.” In Stewards of the Sacred, edited by A. Edwards and L. Sullivan, 123–128. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums. | ||
+ | <br>Harrison, A., K. McHugh, C. McIntyre, and L. Smith. 2011. “The Impact of Access: Partnership in Preservation.” Objects Specialty Group Postprints. Washington, DC: AIC. 18: 51–66. | ||
+ | <br>Heald, S. 2010. “Partnership in the Preservation of Tangible and Intangible Heritage at the National Museum of the American Indian.” In Textile Conservation: Advances in Practice, edited by F. Lennard and P. Ewer, 108–115. London: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. | ||
+ | <br>Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. 2015. “Capturing the Contemporary.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://hirshhorn.si.edu/collection/conservation/#detail=/bio/about-artist-interview-program/&collection=conservation. | ||
+ | <br>Holdcraft, T. R., S. Haakanson, E. Promise, J. Jungels, F. Ritchie, and P. Capone. 2014. “Collaborative Study and Preservation of Coastal Alaskan Native Material Culture with Museum Staff, Alutiiq Scholars and Artists, University Students, and the Visiting Public.” Object Specialty Group Postprints, American Institute for Conservation 42nd Annual Meeting. San Francisco: AIC. 2–20. | ||
+ | <br>Holms, S. 1997. “An Introduction to SHIC.” Accessed September 29, 2015. http://www.holm.demon.co.uk/shic/shicint.htm (29 September 2015). | ||
+ | <br>ICOM Costume Committee. 2013. “Vocabulary of Basic Terms for Cataloguing Costume.” Accessed December 9, 2015. www.collectionstrust.org.uk/assets/thesaurus_icombts/vbt00e.htm. | ||
+ | <br>ICOM-CC 15th Triennial Conference. 2008. “Terminology to Characterise the Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage.” Unpublished document circulated at the ICOM-CC 15th Triennial Conference, New Delhi. Accessed March 29, 2015. https://ceroart.revues.org/2794?file=1. | ||
+ | <br>Ingold, T. 2007. “Materials against Materiality.” Archaeological Dialogues 14: 1–16. | ||
+ | <br>Johnson, J. S., S. Heald, K. McHugh, E. Brown and M. Kaminitz. 2005. “Practical Aspects of Consultation with Communities.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 44: 203–215. | ||
+ | <br>Kaminitz, M. A., R. Kentta, and D. M. Bridges. 2005. “First Person Voice: Native communities and Conservation Consultations at the National Museum of the American Indian.” ICOM-CC Preprints. 14th Triennial Meeting, The Hague. Paris: ICOM. 96–102. | ||
+ | <br>Kaminitz, M. A., W. R. West, Jr., J. Enote, C. Quam, and E. Yatsattie. 2009. “Conservation, Access and Use in a Museum of Living Cultures.” In Conservation: Principles, Dilemmas and Uncomfortable Truths, edited by A. Richmond and A. Bracker, 197–209. Oxford, England: Butterworth- Heinemann. | ||
+ | <br>Keene, S. 2005. Fragments of the World. Oxford, England: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. 113–114. | ||
+ | <br>Kopytoff, I. 1986. “The Cultural Biography of Things.” In The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, edited by A. Appadurai, 64–91. Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press. | ||
+ | <br>McHugh, K. 2009. Personal communication with David Boxley, January 8, 2009. | ||
+ | <br>Menil Collection. 2015. “Artists Documentation Program.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://adp.menil.org. National Museum of Natural History. 2012. “Material Traditions. Sewing Salmon.” Accessed December 9, | ||
+ | 2015. http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/sharing-knowledge-alaska/SharingknowledgeAK_Sewing-Salmon.html. | ||
+ | <br>—2015. “Sharing Knowledge Alaska.” Accessed December 9, 2015.http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/ html/sharing-knowledge-alaska/Index.html. | ||
+ | <br>National Park Service. 1990. “National NAGPRA.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/. | ||
+ | <br>Notes from Nature. Accessed March 4, 2017. https://www.notesfromnature.org. | ||
+ | <br>Pearce, S. 1992. Museums, Objects and Collections: A Cultural Study. Leicester, England: Leicester University Press. | ||
+ | <br>Project Noah. Accessed March 4, 2017. http://www.projectnoah.org. | ||
+ | <br>Pye, E. 2008. “The Benefits of Access through Han- dling Outweigh the Risks.” In Conservation and Access: Contributions to the 2008 IIC Congress, London: 162–165. | ||
+ | <br>School for Advanced Research—Indian Arts Research Center. 2016. Community + Museum and Museum + Community: Guidelines for Collaboration. Accessed March 7, 2017. http://sarweb.org/guidelinesforcollaboration. | ||
+ | <br>School of Ants. Accessed March 4, 2017. http://www.schoolofants.org/about. | ||
+ | <br>Smith, L., Austin-Dennehy, M., and McHugh, K. 2010. “Collaborative Conservation of Alaska Native Objects at the Smithsonian.” In Living our Cultures, Sharing Our Heritage: The First Peoples | ||
+ | of Alaska, edited by A. L. Crowell, R. Worl, P. Ongtookuk, and D. Biddison, 284–289. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. | ||
+ | <br>Social History Curators Group. 2015. firstBASE. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.shcg.org.uk/About-SHIC. | ||
+ | <br>Sosbe, K. 2015. “Historic Handwoven Rug Lays Path for US Forest Service Employee to her Shinaali.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://blogs.usda.gov/2015/04/20/historic-handwoven-rug-lays-path-for-us-forest-service-employee-to-her-shinaali/. | ||
+ | <br>Sullivan, L. and A. Edwards. 2004. Stewards of the Sa- cred. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums. | ||
+ | <br>Taylor, J. and Gibson, L. 2017. “Digitisation, Digital Interaction and Social Media: Embedded Barriers to Democratic Heritage.” Journal of Heritage Studies 23: 408-420. | ||
+ | <br>Thorn, A. 2008. “Access Denied: Restricted Access to Indigenous Cultural Sites.” In Conservation and Access: Contributions to the 2008 IIC Congress, London: 209–213. | ||
+ | <br>Tilley, C. 2007. “Materiality in Materials.” Archaeological Dialogues 14: 16–20. | ||
+ | <br>Torres, J., K. Gallagher and S. Balachandran. 2017. “Rehousing a ‘Working Collection’: Perspectives from the Johns Hopkins University Archaeological Museum.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 56 (2): 96–112. | ||
+ | <br>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 1993. “Nara Document on Authenticity.” Accessed December 9, 2015. whc.unesco.org/document/9379. | ||
+ | <br>—2003. “Convention for the Safeguard of Intangible Cultural Heritage.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/convention. | ||
+ | <br>—2007. “United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/ DRIPS_en.pdf. | ||
+ | <br>Voices in Contemporary Art. 2015. “Resources.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.voca.network/voca-resources/. | ||
+ | <br>Waller, R. 2002. “A Risk Model for Collection Preser- vation.” ICOM Preprints. 13th Triennial Meeting, Rio de Janiero. Paris: ICOM, 102–107. | ||
+ | <br>Waystone Productions. 2015. Mysteries of the kylix: Recreating ancient Greek ceramics. Dir. B. Wegen- stein. Prod. E. Rodini and S. Balachandran. Ac- cessed December 9, 2015. https://vimeo.com/140393971. | ||
+ | <br>West, R. 2004. “The National Museum of the Ameri- can Indian: Steward of the Sacred.” In Stewards of the Sacred, edited by A. Edwards and L. Sullivan, 7–17. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums. | ||
+ | <br>Wharton, G. 2015. “Artist Intention and the Conservation of Contemporary Art.” Objects Specialty Group Postprints. Washington, DC: AIC. 22: 1–12. | ||
+ | <br>Williams, S. L. 1999. “Destructive Preservation.” Ph.D. diss., University of Goeteborg, Sweden. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Preventative Conservation Book]] |
Latest revision as of 18:16, 10 November 2022
Chapter 1: Respectful and Responsible Stewardship: Maintaining and Renewing the Cultural Relevance of Museum Collections
Sanchita Balachandran, The Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum, Baltimore, MD
Kelly McHugh, The National Museum of the American Indian Cultural Resources Center, Suitland, MD
All objects in collections embody layers of values, meanings and relationships. The museum or collecting institution has historically held the authority to store, classify, interpret, and exhibit the objects it holds, often limiting access to museum professionals and specialists, and thus privileging the museum’s perspective on collections. Despite recent legal and ethical challenges to the sole authority of the collection institution to manage the preservation of cultural heritage, the practical work of democratizing the preservation process remains to be fully instituted. This chapter argues that respectful care of all collections demands a deep and sustained engagement with non-museum stakeholders who have claims to both the tangible and intangible aspects of museum objects. We suggest that preventive conservation methods are but one of a series of approaches towards a more active preservation of the stories and meanings that objects contain. The ultimate aim of preservation is to restore the social and cultural relevance of collections, thus transforming and revitalizing not only collections, but also collecting institutions, stakeholders, and staff.
Bibliography
Air and Space Museum. 2015. Martin B-26B-25-MA Marauder “Flak-Bait”. http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_ A19600297000. (9 December 2015).
Alpers, S. 1991. “The Museum as a Way of Seeing.” In Exhibiting Cultures, edited by I. Karp and S. D. Lavine, 25–32. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Anjum, S. 2013. “The Art of Skin Sewing.” First Alaskans Magazine, June/July: 60–65.
Appadurai, A. 1986. The Social Life of Things: Com- modities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Asif, M. A. 2014. “Idols in the Archive.” Journal of Asian Studies 73 (1): 9–16.
Association of Northern, Kimberley and Amhem Aboriginal Artists. 2015. “Harvesting-Traditional- Knowledge.” Accessed December 9. 2015. http://ankaaa.org.au/special-projects/harvesting-traditional-knowledge/.
Atkinson, J. 2014. Education, Values and Ethics in International Heritage: Learning to Respect. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publications.
Austin-Dennehy, M., G. Hansen, N. Firhaber, and B. Muens. 2013. “The US Exploring Expedition (Wilkes) Tapa Project.” ICOM Ethnographic Conservation Newsletter 35: 5–11
Australia ICOMOS. 1979. Burra Charter. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/
Balachandran, S. 2015. “Recreating Ancient Greek Ceramics.” Accessed December 9, 2015
http://archaeologicalmuseum.jhu.edu/the-collection/object-stories/recreating-ancient-greek-ceramics/.
Balachandran, S. “Pedagogy and the ‘Working Collection’: Teaching Technical Research and Experimental Archaeology at the Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum.” Postprints of the October 2016 Penn Museum symposium, “Engaging Conservation: Collaboration Across Disciplines.” London: Archetype, 2017: 19–28.
Bennes, C. 2014. “Open the Stores: Conservation, Collections and the Museum of the Future.” Apollo. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.apollo-magazine.com/conservation-accessible-stores-museum-future/.
Canadian Conservation Institute. 2008. “Preserving Aboriginal Heritage–Technical and Traditional Approaches.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/discovercci-decouvriricc/symposium/2007Symposium-eng.aspx.
Clavir, M. 2002. Preserving What Is Valued: Museums, Conservation and First Nations. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press.
Chavez Lamar, C. 2010. Personal communication with Jim Enote, July 15, 2010.
De La Torre, M. 2013. “Values and Heritage Conser- vation.” Heritage and Society 6 (2): 155–166.
Dhar, S. 2006. “Challenges in the Context of the Living Sacred Tradition of Mahayana Buddhism.” In The Object in Context: Contributions to the 2006 IIC Congress, Munich: 151–155.
Edmonds, P., and E. Wild. 2000. “New Obligations: Conservation Policy and Treatment Approaches for Aboriginal Collections in Bunjilaka, The Ab- original Centre, Melbourne Museum.” In Tradition and Innovation. Advances in Conservation, edited by A. Roy and P. Smith, 60–64. London: International Institute for Conservation.
Gosden, C. F. Larson and A. Petch. 2007. Knowing Things: Exploring the Collections at the Pitt Rivers Museum 1884–1945. New York: Oxford University Press.
Haakanson, S. 2004. “Understanding Sacredness: Facing the Challenges of Cultural Change.” In Stewards of the Sacred, edited by A. Edwards and L. Sullivan, 123–128. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums.
Harrison, A., K. McHugh, C. McIntyre, and L. Smith. 2011. “The Impact of Access: Partnership in Preservation.” Objects Specialty Group Postprints. Washington, DC: AIC. 18: 51–66.
Heald, S. 2010. “Partnership in the Preservation of Tangible and Intangible Heritage at the National Museum of the American Indian.” In Textile Conservation: Advances in Practice, edited by F. Lennard and P. Ewer, 108–115. London: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. 2015. “Capturing the Contemporary.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://hirshhorn.si.edu/collection/conservation/#detail=/bio/about-artist-interview-program/&collection=conservation.
Holdcraft, T. R., S. Haakanson, E. Promise, J. Jungels, F. Ritchie, and P. Capone. 2014. “Collaborative Study and Preservation of Coastal Alaskan Native Material Culture with Museum Staff, Alutiiq Scholars and Artists, University Students, and the Visiting Public.” Object Specialty Group Postprints, American Institute for Conservation 42nd Annual Meeting. San Francisco: AIC. 2–20.
Holms, S. 1997. “An Introduction to SHIC.” Accessed September 29, 2015. http://www.holm.demon.co.uk/shic/shicint.htm (29 September 2015).
ICOM Costume Committee. 2013. “Vocabulary of Basic Terms for Cataloguing Costume.” Accessed December 9, 2015. www.collectionstrust.org.uk/assets/thesaurus_icombts/vbt00e.htm.
ICOM-CC 15th Triennial Conference. 2008. “Terminology to Characterise the Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage.” Unpublished document circulated at the ICOM-CC 15th Triennial Conference, New Delhi. Accessed March 29, 2015. https://ceroart.revues.org/2794?file=1.
Ingold, T. 2007. “Materials against Materiality.” Archaeological Dialogues 14: 1–16.
Johnson, J. S., S. Heald, K. McHugh, E. Brown and M. Kaminitz. 2005. “Practical Aspects of Consultation with Communities.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 44: 203–215.
Kaminitz, M. A., R. Kentta, and D. M. Bridges. 2005. “First Person Voice: Native communities and Conservation Consultations at the National Museum of the American Indian.” ICOM-CC Preprints. 14th Triennial Meeting, The Hague. Paris: ICOM. 96–102.
Kaminitz, M. A., W. R. West, Jr., J. Enote, C. Quam, and E. Yatsattie. 2009. “Conservation, Access and Use in a Museum of Living Cultures.” In Conservation: Principles, Dilemmas and Uncomfortable Truths, edited by A. Richmond and A. Bracker, 197–209. Oxford, England: Butterworth- Heinemann.
Keene, S. 2005. Fragments of the World. Oxford, England: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. 113–114.
Kopytoff, I. 1986. “The Cultural Biography of Things.” In The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, edited by A. Appadurai, 64–91. Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press.
McHugh, K. 2009. Personal communication with David Boxley, January 8, 2009.
Menil Collection. 2015. “Artists Documentation Program.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://adp.menil.org. National Museum of Natural History. 2012. “Material Traditions. Sewing Salmon.” Accessed December 9,
2015. http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/sharing-knowledge-alaska/SharingknowledgeAK_Sewing-Salmon.html.
—2015. “Sharing Knowledge Alaska.” Accessed December 9, 2015.http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/ html/sharing-knowledge-alaska/Index.html.
National Park Service. 1990. “National NAGPRA.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/.
Notes from Nature. Accessed March 4, 2017. https://www.notesfromnature.org.
Pearce, S. 1992. Museums, Objects and Collections: A Cultural Study. Leicester, England: Leicester University Press.
Project Noah. Accessed March 4, 2017. http://www.projectnoah.org.
Pye, E. 2008. “The Benefits of Access through Han- dling Outweigh the Risks.” In Conservation and Access: Contributions to the 2008 IIC Congress, London: 162–165.
School for Advanced Research—Indian Arts Research Center. 2016. Community + Museum and Museum + Community: Guidelines for Collaboration. Accessed March 7, 2017. http://sarweb.org/guidelinesforcollaboration.
School of Ants. Accessed March 4, 2017. http://www.schoolofants.org/about.
Smith, L., Austin-Dennehy, M., and McHugh, K. 2010. “Collaborative Conservation of Alaska Native Objects at the Smithsonian.” In Living our Cultures, Sharing Our Heritage: The First Peoples
of Alaska, edited by A. L. Crowell, R. Worl, P. Ongtookuk, and D. Biddison, 284–289. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
Social History Curators Group. 2015. firstBASE. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.shcg.org.uk/About-SHIC.
Sosbe, K. 2015. “Historic Handwoven Rug Lays Path for US Forest Service Employee to her Shinaali.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://blogs.usda.gov/2015/04/20/historic-handwoven-rug-lays-path-for-us-forest-service-employee-to-her-shinaali/.
Sullivan, L. and A. Edwards. 2004. Stewards of the Sa- cred. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums.
Taylor, J. and Gibson, L. 2017. “Digitisation, Digital Interaction and Social Media: Embedded Barriers to Democratic Heritage.” Journal of Heritage Studies 23: 408-420.
Thorn, A. 2008. “Access Denied: Restricted Access to Indigenous Cultural Sites.” In Conservation and Access: Contributions to the 2008 IIC Congress, London: 209–213.
Tilley, C. 2007. “Materiality in Materials.” Archaeological Dialogues 14: 16–20.
Torres, J., K. Gallagher and S. Balachandran. 2017. “Rehousing a ‘Working Collection’: Perspectives from the Johns Hopkins University Archaeological Museum.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 56 (2): 96–112.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 1993. “Nara Document on Authenticity.” Accessed December 9, 2015. whc.unesco.org/document/9379.
—2003. “Convention for the Safeguard of Intangible Cultural Heritage.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/convention.
—2007. “United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/ DRIPS_en.pdf.
Voices in Contemporary Art. 2015. “Resources.” Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.voca.network/voca-resources/.
Waller, R. 2002. “A Risk Model for Collection Preser- vation.” ICOM Preprints. 13th Triennial Meeting, Rio de Janiero. Paris: ICOM, 102–107.
Waystone Productions. 2015. Mysteries of the kylix: Recreating ancient Greek ceramics. Dir. B. Wegen- stein. Prod. E. Rodini and S. Balachandran. Ac- cessed December 9, 2015. https://vimeo.com/140393971.
West, R. 2004. “The National Museum of the Ameri- can Indian: Steward of the Sacred.” In Stewards of the Sacred, edited by A. Edwards and L. Sullivan, 7–17. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums.
Wharton, G. 2015. “Artist Intention and the Conservation of Contemporary Art.” Objects Specialty Group Postprints. Washington, DC: AIC. 22: 1–12.
Williams, S. L. 1999. “Destructive Preservation.” Ph.D. diss., University of Goeteborg, Sweden.